Auditory Feedback Effectiveness for Enabling Safe Sclera Force in Robot-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery: a Multi-User Study

Ali Ebrahimi,Marina Roizenblatt,Niravkumar Patel,Peter Gehlbach,Iulian Iordachita,Ali Ebrahimi,Marina Roizenblatt,Niravkumar Patel,Peter Gehlbach,Iulian Iordachita

Robot-assisted retinal surgery has become increasingly prevalent in recent years in part due to the potential for robots to help surgeons improve the safety of an immensely delicate and difficult set of tasks. The integration of robots into retinal surgery has resulted in diminished surgeon perception of tool-to-tissue interaction forces due to robot's stiffness. The tactile perception of these in...