Toward a framework integrating augmented reality and virtual fixtures for safer robot-assisted lymphadenectomy

Ziyang Chen,Ke Fan,Laura Cruciani,Matteo Fontana,Lorenzo Muraglia,Francesco Ceci,Laura Travaini,Giancarlo Ferrigno,Elena De Momi,Ziyang Chen,Ke Fan,Laura Cruciani,Matteo Fontana,Lorenzo Muraglia,Francesco Ceci,Laura Travaini,Giancarlo Ferrigno,Elena De Momi

Lymphadenectomy generally accompanies various oncology surgeries to remove infected cancer cells. However, there are two limitations in robot-assisted lymphadenectomy: 1) lymph nodes are not visible during operation since they are hidden by the superficial fat layer; 2) intra-operative bleeding may occur during lymph node removal caused by collisions between surgical instruments and delicate blood...