Birefringence and Dichroism Equation Formula Latex Code and Summary

Birefringence and Dichroism

Tags: #physics #optics #girefringence #dichroism

Equation

$$\text{NA}$$

Latex Code

                                 \text{NA}

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Introduction

$\vec{D}$ is not parallel with $\vec{E}$ if the polarizability $\vec{P}$ of a material is not equal in all directions. There are at least three directions, the principal axes, in which they are parallel. This results in three refractive indices ???? which can be used to construct Fresnel’s ellipsoid. In the case $n_2=n_3\neq n_1$ , which happens e.g. in trigonal, hexagonal and tetragonal crystals there is one optical axis in the direction of n1. Incident light rays can now be split up in two parts: the ordinary wave is linearly polarized the plane through the transmission direction and the optical axis. The extraordinary wave is linearly polarized in the plane through the transmission direction and the optical axis. Dichroism is caused by a differential absorption of the ordinary and extraordinary wave in some materials. Double images occur when the incident ray makes an angle with the optical axis: the extraordinary wave will refract, the ordinary will not.

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